Annex: Inheritance Trap Index country results

This annex lists the result for each of the 120 countries in the Inheritance Trap Index: its overall category and its category on each of the three pillars. Countries are listed alphabetically rather than ranked, because small differences between scores are not meaningful.

Banner Image: Jeexdin Health Center, near Garowe, Somalia, provides health services to internally displaced families experiencing severe malnutrition. Five consecutive failed rainy seasons have drastically reduced food availability in the region. © 2025 Abigajla Conway/ World Vision

How to read the results

Overall shows where a country sits compared with the other countries in the Index, from Very High to Lower. It combines all three pillars, each with equal weight.

Climate, Debt, and Children and essential services show the country's category on each pillar, so you can see which pressures drive its overall result. A country can be High overall because of very high pressure on one pillar, or because of moderate pressure on all three.
The categories describe how countries compare with each other in this edition, not a fixed level of harm.
An asterisk (*) marks countries with limited evidence: fewer than six of the seven indicators are available, so their result rests on less data.

The full data, including every indicator value with its source and year, is in the Inheritance Trap Index data file. The method is set out in the methodology note.

Countries by overall category

Very High (5 countries): Eritrea*, Laos, Malawi, South Sudan*, Sudan
High (17 countries): Afghanistan*, Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Yemen, Zambia
Elevated (33 countries): Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea*, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Haiti, Iraq, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Micronesia, Namibia, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Togo, Tonga, Tuvalu*, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zimbabwe
Moderate (32 countries): Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Comoros, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Eswatini, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Jordan, Kiribati, Lebanon, Lesotho, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Morocco, Myanmar, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa*, Solomon Islands, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Tanzania, Timor-Leste
Lower (33 countries): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Georgia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Nicaragua*, North Macedonia, Paraguay, Peru, Serbia, South Africa, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam

ANNEX:

Inheritance Trap Index country results

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Lower

Moderate

Elevated

High

Very High

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Countries are listed alphabetically. Colours show each country’s relative category in this edition of the Index, not a fixed level of harm.

A

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Afghanistan*	South Asia	High	High	High	Very High
Albania	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Algeria	Middle East & North Africa	Lower	Moderate	Elevated	Lower
Angola	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	Very High	High
Argentina	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	High	Lower
Armenia	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Azerbaijan	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Lower	Moderate

B

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Bangladesh	South Asia	Elevated	High	Elevated	High
Belize	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate
Benin	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	High	High
Bhutan	South Asia	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate
Bolivia	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Botswana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Brazil	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Burkina Faso	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate	High
Burundi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated	Very High

C

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Cabo Verde	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Moderate	High	Lower
Cambodia	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	Elevated	Lower	Moderate
Cameroon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	Elevated
Central African Republic	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	High	High	High
Chad	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	High	Elevated	High
Colombia	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Comoros	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	Elevated
Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	High
Costa Rica	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Côte d'Ivoire	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated	High

D

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Djibouti	Middle East & North Africa	High	High	High	High
Dominica	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate
Dominican Republic	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate
DR Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate	High

E

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Ecuador	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Egypt	Middle East & North Africa	High	Elevated	Very High	Elevated
El Salvador	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Moderate	High	Elevated
Equatorial Guinea*	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Lower	High	Very High
Eritrea*	Sub-Saharan Africa	Very High	Very High	Very High	Very High
Eswatini	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated
Ethiopia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	High

F

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Fiji	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	High	Moderate	Moderate

G

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Gabon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Lower	Very High	High
Gambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	High	High
Georgia	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Lower	Lower
Ghana	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated	High
Grenada	Latin America & Caribbean	Elevated	Moderate	Very High	Moderate
Guatemala	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated
Guinea	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	Moderate	High
Guinea-Bissau	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	Elevated	Very High

H

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Haiti	Latin America & Caribbean	Elevated	Elevated	Elevated	Elevated
Honduras	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate	Moderate

I

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
India	South Asia	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated
Indonesia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower	Lower	Lower	Elevated
Iraq	Middle East & North Africa	Elevated	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate

J

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Jamaica	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate
Jordan	Middle East & North Africa	Moderate	Moderate	High	Moderate

K

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Kazakhstan	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Lower	Lower
Kenya	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	High
Kiribati	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	Lower	Elevated	Moderate
Kyrgyzstan	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower

L

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Laos	East Asia & Pacific	Very High	Elevated	Very High	Very High
Lebanon	Middle East & North Africa	Moderate	Moderate	High	Moderate
Lesotho	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated
Liberia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	High

M

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Madagascar	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	Moderate	High
Malawi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Very High	Elevated	Very High	Very High
Malaysia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Elevated
Maldives	South Asia	Moderate	Moderate	High	Lower
Mali	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	High	Moderate	High
Marshall Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	High	Moderate	Moderate
Mauritania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Very High	Moderate	Elevated
Mauritius	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Lower	High	Lower
Mexico	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Moderate
Micronesia	East Asia & Pacific	Elevated	Very High	Moderate	Moderate
Moldova	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Mongolia	East Asia & Pacific	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Montenegro	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Morocco	Middle East & North Africa	Moderate	Elevated	Moderate	Moderate
Mozambique	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	High	High
Myanmar	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	Elevated	Lower	High

N

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Namibia	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	High	Elevated	Elevated
Nepal	South Asia	Lower	Moderate	Lower	Moderate
Nicaragua*	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Niger	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	High	High	High
Nigeria	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	Elevated	Very High
North Macedonia	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower

P

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Pakistan	South Asia	High	Elevated	High	Very High
Papua New Guinea	East Asia & Pacific	High	Moderate	High	Very High
Paraguay	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Peru	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower	Lower	Lower	Moderate
Philippines	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	Elevated	Lower	Elevated

R

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Rwanda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	Elevated

S

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Saint Lucia	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Lower	High	Moderate
Samoa*	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	High	Moderate	Moderate
São Tomé e Príncipe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	High	Moderate
Senegal	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	High	High
Serbia	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Lower
Sierra Leone	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	High	Very High
Solomon Islands	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	High	Moderate	Moderate
Somalia	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Very High	Moderate	Very High
South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower	Lower	Moderate	Moderate
South Sudan*	Sub-Saharan Africa	Very High	Very High	High	Very High
Sri Lanka	South Asia	Elevated	Elevated	High	High
St Vincent and the Grenadines	Latin America & Caribbean	Moderate	Lower	High	Moderate
Sudan	Sub-Saharan Africa	Very High	High	Very High	Very High
Suriname	Latin America & Caribbean	Elevated	Moderate	High	Moderate

T

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Tajikistan	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Tanzania	Sub-Saharan Africa	Moderate	Moderate	Elevated	High
Thailand	East Asia & Pacific	Lower	Elevated	Moderate	Lower
Timor-Leste	East Asia & Pacific	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate
Togo	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	Elevated	Elevated
Tonga	East Asia & Pacific	Elevated	Very High	Elevated	Lower
Turkey	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Lower	Lower
Tuvalu*	East Asia & Pacific	Elevated	Very High	Elevated	Moderate

U

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Uganda	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Moderate	Elevated	Very High
Ukraine	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Elevated	Lower
Uzbekistan	Europe & Central Asia	Lower	Lower	Lower	Lower

V

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Vanuatu	East Asia & Pacific	Elevated	High	Elevated	Elevated
Vietnam	East Asia & Pacific	Lower	Elevated	Lower	Lower

Y

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Yemen	Middle East & North Africa	High	Elevated	High	High

Z

COUNTRY	REGION	OVERALL	CLIMATE	DEBT	CHILDREN AND ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Zambia	Sub-Saharan Africa	High	Elevated	High	High
Zimbabwe	Sub-Saharan Africa	Elevated	Elevated	High	Elevated

* Limited evidence: fewer than six of the seven indicators are available. Sources: see the methodology note. Regions follow the World Bank regional classification.

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